import java.io.*;
 
  public class Stdin
  {
  private static BufferedReader input = new BufferedReader 
      (new InputStreamReader(System.in));
  private  static String Line = "";    
 
  public static boolean readBoolean()
   {// read a boolean from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     if (Line.toLowerCase().equals("true"))
        return true;
     if(Line.toLowerCase().equals("false"))
        return false;
     System.out.println("Error! Setting boolean to false.");
     return false;
   } 
   
  public static char readChar()
   {// read a char from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Line.charAt(0);
   } 
  
  public static String readString()
   {// read a String from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Line;
   }
   
  public static byte readByte()
   {// read a byte from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Byte.parseByte(Line);
   }
 
  public static short readShort()
   {// read a short from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Short.parseShort(Line);
   }  
   
    public static int readInt()
   {// read a int from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Integer.parseInt(Line);
   }  
   
    public static long readLong()
   {// read a long from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Long.parseLong(Line);
   }  
   
  public static float readFloat()
   {// read a float from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Float.parseFloat(Line);
   }
   
   public static double readDouble()
   {// read a float from the standard input device
      try{
        Line = input.readLine(); }
     catch (IOException e) {System.out.println(e);}
     return Double.parseDouble(Line);
   }
   
 }